Scientific references

Up to 40% of the population may have SIBO – often without knowing it
(Rezaie et al., 2017. Hydrogen and Methane-Based Breath Testing in Gastrointestinal Disorders: The North American Consensus. Am J Gastroenterol, 112(5):775–784)

Increased intestinal permeability may play a key role in the development of autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto’s, celiac disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Fasano, A., 2011. Zonulin and its regulation of intestinal barrier function: The biological door to inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Physiol Rev, 91(1):151–175)

Increased gut permeability is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS (Kowalski & Mulak, 2019. Brain–Gut–Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer’s Disease. Nutrients, 11(12):2825; Sampson et al., 2016. Gut Microbiota Regulate Motor Deficits and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Cell, 167(6):1469–1480.e12; Blacher et al., 2019. Potential roles of gut microbiome and metabolites in modulating ALS in mice. Nature 572, 474–480; Wu et al., 2015. Leaky intestine and impaired microbiome in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model. Physiological Reports, 3(4), e12356)

Increased gut permeability and the release of bacterial toxins have been linked to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity (Cani et al., 2007. Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes, 56(7):1761–1772)